Bacteriophage Life Cycle Animation

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect​ bacteria. A bacteriophage can have a protein tail attached to the capsid (protein coat that envelopes the genetic material), which is used to infect the host bacteria. All About Viruses Scientists have long sought to uncover the structure and function of viruses. Viruses are unique -- they have been classified as both living and nonliving at various points in the history of biology. A virus particle, also known as a virion, is essentially a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein shell or coat. Viruses are extremely small, approximately 15 - 25 nanometers in diameter. Virus Replication Viruses are intracellular obligate parasites, which means that they cannot reproduce or express their genes without the help of a living cell. Once a virus has infected a cell, it will use the cells ribosomes, enzymes, and much of the cellular machinery to reproduce. Viral replication produces many progeny that leave the host cell to infect other cells. Bacteriophage Life Cycle A bacteriophage reproduces by one of two types of life cycles. These cycles are the lysogenic life cycle and the lytic life cycle. In the lysogenic cycle, bacteriophages reproduce without killing the host. Genetic recombination occurs between the viral DNA and the bacterial genome as the viral DNA is inserted into the bacterial chromosome. In the lytic life cycle, the virus breaks open or lyses the host cell. This results in the death of the host. Bacteriophage Life Cycle Animation Below are animations of the lytic life cycle of a bacteriophage.Animation AThe bacteriophage attaches to the cell wall of a bacterium.Animation BThe bacteriophage injects its genome into the bacterium.Animation CThis animation shows the replication of the viral genome.Animation DBacteriophages are released by lysis.Animation ESummary of the entire lytic life cycle of a bacteriophage.

Essay about Three Generations Project #2 - 1470 Words

Examination of Stage of Development in a Relative The person I interviewed, Christopher, is fourteen years old. He is in the eighth grade in middle school in a rural area of Tennessee. For the interview we went to a local park where we could talk in a more isolated, but comfortable setting. The goal of the interview was to get to know the person being interviewed better and see where they are in relation to Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development and Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Theory. The interview was conducted in a manner that would allow for me to test for hypothetical thinking abilities, internalizing/externalizing tendencies, self-awareness abilities, identity vs. confusion/ psychosocial development, biological growth, cognitive†¦show more content†¦He is considered to be obese according to his BMI, but he enjoys participating in extracurricular activities such as soccer, basketball, and Boy Scouts. He stated that he does feel very self-conscious about h is weight and that when people make fun of him for it, he’ll usually make fun of himself because it doesn’t hurt as much. Cognitively speaking, Christopher is mostly at age level. However, he has a learning disability and is estimated to be one year behind in regards to socialization skills and the ability to make friends. He is at age level in regards to formal operational thinking. Christopher is at age level in regards to externalizing and internalizing of emotions. He has a tendency to internalize and then explode. The results of the survey indicate that the interviewee is well aware of oneself as an individual. The last series of questions asked searched for a series of indications that the interviewee had well developed hypothetical thinking abilities for her age. Christopher is at age level in terms of hypothetical thinking and seems to be well developed in this area. He is able to utilize inferential reasoning to come to a conclusion. The last part of the inte rview involved Christopher fully describing how he sees himself. He described himself as fat, ugly, and chubby. I spoke extensively about how his negative outlook on himself was damaging to his self-esteem and told him ways to help him feel better about his body and identity. HeShow MoreRelatedImplementation of as-Is System1312 Words   |  6 PagesThere are mainly three ways to understand the AS-IS business process. They are: †¢ Extensive information gathering †¢ Detailed process modeling †¢ Detailed data modeling. After going through the main three steps as mentioned earlier to understand the AS-IS system, the major process we found are discussed in the following: 1. Manual registration of students 2. Manual entry of data into the system 3. Authentication checking 4. Generation of roll number andRead MoreThe Impact Of Hydroelectricity Production On Its Future Trend1499 Words   |  6 Pageshydroelectricity production in China and speculates on its future trend. By analysing three sets of data, it investigates the reasons for the significant development of hydroelectricity in China and provides comparisons between different countries and different kinds of fuel. It concludes by looking at the support offered by the government and the major reason behind this. It also suggests that the generation of hydroelectricity in China will keep growing and will relieve the air pollution issueRead MoreEnergy Finance Americas ( Sfs Ef )1621 Words   |  7 Pagesparticipate in the LC facility. TSLP will construct, own, and operate three separate, run-of-river hydroelectric generating stations (â€Å"Narrow Inlet† or the â€Å"Project†). These three power stations are Chickwat Creek, Ramona Lake and Ramona Creek. All of the generating stations are situated in the Tzoonie River, Narrows Inlet watershed in the Sunshine Coast region of British Columbia (approximately 50 miles from Vancouver, BC). The three hydro generating stations, totaling 34.5MWs, are summarized below:Read MoreGame Theory Project1506 Words   |  7 PagesGAME THEORY Project Phase I 1. Introduction Decision concerning electrical transmission network expansion has become harder in the last two decades. As a matter of fact, the power sector has been decentralized and the electricity market is now a competitive market. Thus a transmission expansion plan cannot follow the traditional planning criteria anymore. As a result, new techniques are developed in order to solve the transmission expansion problem TEP. Usually different optimizationRead MoreThe Importance of Mendel’s Laws in Modern Genetics Essay857 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Mendel’s Laws in Modern Genetics - Human genome is like an intricate library that stores vast volumes of life information. The preservation and passage of genetic books to future generation is one of the primary tasks of human genome. In the late 19th century not too long after the library of Congress was built in the United States, Gregor Mendel, an Austrian teacher and abbot, made a keen observation in the garden of a monastery at Brno. After testing and breeding 28,000 peaRead MoreA Express Transmission Project Receives Approval From Nevada Puc963 Words   |  4 PagesTransWest Express Transmission Project receives approval from Nevada PUC General Interest The Nevada Public Utilities Commission (PUC) granted approval for the $3 billion Trans West Express project (TWEP). TWEP is a 725 mile 600-kilovolt transmission line carrying 3,000-megawatt of mostly renewable energy. This project will help deliver high-capacity renewable energy to larger markets in the west, including utilities in Arizona, Nevada, Wyoming, and California. The Department of Energy (DOE) WesternRead MoreBest Practices Of Managing Virtual Software Development Teams956 Words   |  4 Pagesas a solution. The term ‘virtual’ was driven out by the virtue in the 14th century but by 1950’s its meaning extended to ‘temporarily available or created’ or ‘created by computer software’. This gave the actual definition of virtual teams as ‘any project team in which the team members are geographically dispersed and use technology to communicate or complete their goals’. The trivial way of handling teams contained many co nstraints and difficulties such as: a. Geographic dispersion (occurring dueRead MoreResearch On Scientific Communication And Research1672 Words   |  7 PagesStockholm University Department of Computer and Systems Sciences Course: Scientific Communication and Research Methodology FMVEK project 7.5 credits Autumn term 2014 Course instructor: Matti Tedre Facilitator: Ranil Peiris Colombage Table of Contents Abstract 3 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Background 3 1.2 Research objectives 4 1.3 Research Questions 4 1.4 Limitations of the study 4 2. Methodology 5 2.1 Data Collection Methods 5 2.2 Participants / Sampling 6 2.3 Data Analysis 7 2.4 Research Ethics 7 3. ResultsRead MoreCompany Analysis : Cummins Inc.1242 Words   |  5 Pagesdivisions, and other relevant information. Cummins Inc. is a global corporation made up of complementary business units that design, manufacture, distribute, and service diesel engines, natural gas engines, and related technologies, which include power generation systems, fuel systems, filtration, and emission solutions. Cummins was established in 1919 and is headquartered in Columbus, Indiana. Cummins employs approximately 55,000 people worldwide. The company operates 600 company-owned and independentRead MoreIncremental Cash Flows825 Words   |  4 Pagesbe 55% of sales. Indirect incremental costs are estimated at $80,000 a year. The project requires a new plant that will cost a total of $1,000,000, which will be depreciated straight line over the next five years. The new line will also require an additional net investment in inventory and receivables in the amount of $200,000. Assume there is no need for additional investment in building and land for the project. The firm s marginal tax rate is 35%, and its cost of capital is 10%. Based on

The Actual Real World in “The Heat Death of the Universe” Free Essays

In today†s busy world, many people get so caught up in their own ambience that they overlook all the other things out there. Some people seem treat their surroundings as if it were their own â€Å"little world†, creating tunnel vision to the array of the actual real world and all the things that occur in it. Pamela Zoline addresses this and many other issues in the short story, â€Å"The Heat Death of the Universe†. We will write a custom essay sample on The Actual Real World in â€Å"The Heat Death of the Universe† or any similar topic only for you Order Now This piece reports the abstract, somewhat crazy thoughts, of the world from an ordinary housewife to the reader. At first, these thoughts appear to be coming from a severely confused and mentally unstable person, with no point what so ever. Contrary to the evidence stated in the text, â€Å"Sarah Boyle is a vivacious and intelligent young wife†¦ proud of her growing family which keeps her busy and happy around the house† (192), the reader can see that the main character, Sarah Boyle, is quite unsatisfied with her place in life. This unhappiness stems from a wasted education, causing the apathetic housewife to resort to ceaseless contemplation, which shapes the life she has created for herself and the home she is trapped in. The fact that Sarah Boyle was well-educated is pointed out clearly in the first few paragraphs, â€Å"Sarah Boyle is a vivacious and intelligent young wife and mother, educated at a fine Eastern college† (192). This fact can be also be easily deduced by the reader after observing the knowledge Sarah presents and the vocabulary she exhibits, such as â€Å"ONTOLOGY: That branch of metaphysics which concerns itself with the problems of the nature of existence or being† (191) and â€Å"ENTROPY: A quantity introduced in the first place to facilitate the calculations, and to give clear expressions to the results of thermodynamics† (193). Clearly, such words are not ones that would be regarded as common knowledge or everyday conversation topics. The terms used by Sarah throughout the story lead the reader to regard her as some type of advanced science major. In addition to the vocabulary usage, the manner in which her mind functions and the habits she displays also guides the reader to the same assumption. Sarah demonstrates scientific thinking methods constantly; always making lists, noticing irrelevant and abstract things, counting and lettering objects, constantly pondering ideas and concerned with factual matters. Sometimes she numbers or letters the things in a room†¦ there are 819 separate moveable objects in the living room†¦ she is passionately fond of children†s dictionaries, encyclopedias, ABCs and all reference books† (193). Combining all these facts, statements, and observations the reader deduces Sarah Boyle as a scientifically educated, intelligent woman: Which leads to the question, why is Sarah a housewife? This thought seems to reoccurringly pass though Sarah†s mind as well. The mannerisms that Sarah Boyle displays evident the fact that she is unhappy with her position in life as a housewife; she feels that her education is worthless here, causing her to feel unchallenged and bored, which only leads to endless contemplation in the world she has chosen. The largest indicators of Sarah†s unhappiness are the notes that she leaves throughout the house, such as â€Å"Many young wives fell trapped. It is a contemporary sociological phenomenon† and â€Å"Help, Help, Help, Help, Help† (193). In addition to these notes, rarely does Sarah ever talk about her family; which is highly contrary to the expectations of the common housewife. When she does refer to her family, the statements are quite short, uncaring, and undescriptive. â€Å"Today is the birthday of one of the children† (192). Speaking of her family life, never does she mention a husband. Sarah only makes remarks of a questionable nature about her children, she doesn†t seem to display the motherly love or compassion one would expect; in fact, several places in the short story, the comment is made that â€Å"Sarah Boyle is never quite sure how many children she has† (196). This comment leaves the reader confused and, in addition to the numerous derogatory and confusing references made to children throughout the story, causes the reader to think that she doesn†t care for her children at all. Looking at some of the statements she makes, this is quite possible. In one situation she conceives the idea that a cereal may cause cancer, â€Å"Perhaps something is terrible wrong with the cereal†¦ Perhaps it causes a special, cruel Cancer in little children†¦ she imagines in her mind†s eye the headlines†¦ † (192). Irregardless of this idea, she excessively feeds the children the cereal â€Å"great yellow heaps of it† (192) and even goes out to the store to buy more â€Å"shopping in the supermarket†¦ a box of Sugar Frosted Flakes†. These facts combine to produce the result that she does not care if her children get cancer. Also, Sarah feels that â€Å"housework is never completed† (197), resulting in a never-ending task, that eventually drives her insane. All evidence in mind, it becomes clear that she is unhappy as a housewife, causing her to constantly create crazy ideas with her unapplied education, driving herself into an unstable mental state. With no appropriate way to apply the education Sarah has received, she resorts to using it in the only place she has as an option, her home. She starts to devise a parallel between her house and the universe. She falls back on her education and implements the theory of entropy and the â€Å"heat death of the Universe† into her own homemaking skills. According to these theories combined, â€Å"The total ENTROPY of the Universe therefore is increasing, tending towards a maximum, corresponding to complete disorder of the particles in it†¦ he Universe constitutes a thermodynamically closed system, and if this were true it would mean that a time just finally come when the Universe â€Å"unwinds† itself, no energy being available for use† (200). Sarah applies this theory in her housekeeping techniques, thinking that the more organized she is, the less disorder she creates. Therefore, she is not contributing to entropy in her own Universe, her house. Keeping entropy at a constant therefore would not contribute to the â€Å"heat death of the Universe†. Evidently, this abstract thinking is indicating some mental problems. At the end of the short story, Sarah displays a mental breakdown, combining all the unexplainable ideas that float though her mind in a physical and mental explosion. Throughout this short story, Pamela Zoline effectively addresses many relevant issues in today†s society. Through a common housewife, Sarah Boyle, the reader can observe the daily trauma and feeling of worthlessness that one may experience at what it can result in. How to cite The Actual Real World in â€Å"The Heat Death of the Universe†, Papers

Specific Performance free essay sample

Specific performance can be used as a remedy in certain cases of breach of contract. I’ll explain in a bit exactly what specific performance is as well as give an example of what type of case(s) it can be applied to. As you’ll see the doctrine of specific performance can be a very fair remedy in many cases and is one of the most common remedies used by courts. There are two different types of remedies in contract breach cases. Remedies at law are usually awarded as monetary damages. The second type is remedies in equity, which are only awarded when remedy at law is not adequate to cover losses (Miller Jentz, 2008). The three most common forms of equitable remedies are rescission and restitution, specific performance, and reformation. Specific performance requires the act promised in the contract be performed by the breaching party. The non-breaching party is typically a fan of this remedy because they will be awarded what was originally contracted. We will write a custom essay sample on Specific Performance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This type of remedy could actually be more valuable to the non-breaching party than monetary damages (Miller Jentz, 2008). Contracts for the sale of goods are rarely remedied with specific performance. According to Miller and Jentz (2008), one of the few exceptions to this rule is when the goods are unique in nature (art, collectable coins, rare edition books, etc.) because monetary damages would not help the buyer to find identical substitutes. For the following three case examples, we will only focus on specific performance as the available remedy: Scenario 1 Tarrington contracts to sell her house and lot to Rainier. Then, on finding another buyer willing to pay a higher purchase price, she refuses to deed the property to Rainier. Scenario 2  Marita contracts to sing and dance in Horace’s nightclub for one month, beginning June 1. She then refuses to perform. Scenario 3  Juan contracts to purchase a rare coin from Edmund, who is breaking up his coin collection. At the last minute, Edmund decides to keep his coin collection intact and refuses to deliver the coin to Juan. Scenario 4 Astro Computer Corp. has three shareholders. Among them are Coase, who owns 48%, and Cary, who owns 4%. Cary contracts to sell his 4% to DeValle but  later refuses to transfer the shares to him. After the previous explanation of when specific performance and when it may or may not be used in court. I would think the only scenario above that would NOT be remedied correctly with specific performance is the first one which involves real estate. As I shared earlier, cases involving sale of goods like land are typically better remedied by monetary damages being recovered by the non-breaching party. Scenarios two and four are self explanatory as to why they could be remedied by specific performance. Scenario three involves a rare coin, which is the only reason it could qualify for the doctrine of specific performance.